In order to study the effect of water stress on OIL PERCENT and OIL yield in two rape seed cultivars, the experiment conducted into factorial split plots design in the basis of complet randomized block with 3 replications in two regions (Pakdasht and Karaj).There were two factors, irrigation intervals (45, 64 and 85 milimeter evaporated of pan) and water amounts in 3 levels (60, 80, and 100 PERCENT of evaporation) into factorial as main factor and cultivars in 2 levels (Talayieh and PF7045.91) as sub-factor.The results indicated that interaction effects of irrigation intervals and water amounts had significant difference at 1% level on OIL PERCENT, OIL yield and seed yield in two regions. After irrigation interval decreased and water consumption increased to 80%, maximum amount of OIL PERCENT, OIL yield and seed yield was 40.93%kg/ha, 1044kg/ha and 2538kg/ha. interaction effect of irrigation intervals and cultivars had significant difference at 1% level. when irrigation intervals or water stress intensity reduced, OIL PERCENT, OIL yield and seed yield reduced, hut these amounts in PF7045.91 was greater than talayieh the maximum OIL yield of PF7045.91 and talayieh was 1096kg/ha and 807kg/ha, OIL PERCENT was 41/39% and 39/36% and seed yield was 2640kg/ha and 2050kg/ha. interaction effect of water amounts and cultivars showed significant difference at 1% level of probability. when water amount increased to 80%, OIL yields of PF7045.91 and talayieh increased to 944/2kg/ha and 707.0kg/ha, OIL PERCENT increased to 40/38% and 38/71% and seed yield increased to 2311 and 1816 kg/ha.

In order to study the essential OIL precent and essential OIL yield of basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) changes affected by nitrogen, magnesium and manganese amounts, this experiment carried out in spring and summer 2008 in Islamic Azad University takestan branch research farm. The experimental design was split factorial in the basis of randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. The experimental factors included nintrogen application in 4 levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg /ha as main factor and magnesium and manganese foliar application in 2 levels 0 and 1.2 kg/ha in the form factorial design as subfactor. Simple effect of factors showed that, 150 Kg/ha nitrogen application with %0.32 and 41.98 Kg/ha, 1.2 Kg/ha magnesium foliar application with %0.39 and 52.67 Kg/ha and 1.2 Kg/ha manganese spraying with % 0.36 and 47.06 Kg/ha produced maximum amounts of essential OIL precent and essential OIL yield in basil. Highest essential OIL precent (%0.51) and essential OIL yield (72.6 Kg/ha) of basil gained in 150 kg/ha and 1.2 kg/ha. Tripple interaction effect indicated that, 150 Kg/ha nitrogen sOIL application and 1.2 Kg/ha magnesium and manganese foliar application caused highest essential OIL precent (%0.55) and essential OIL yield (79.70 Kg/ha) alternatively.

In order to evaluate the effect of varieties, planting patern and plant density on essential OIL PERCENT and essential OIL yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) this research carried out in factorial design in the basis of randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications in 2008.It was considered variety in two levels : green and purple, planting pattern in 2 levels double and single rows and plant density in four levels: 40, 60, 80 and 100 plants per square meter.The results showed that, simple effect of variety, plant density and interaction effect of planting pattern and variety on essential OIL PERCENT was significant in the %1 level. Interaction effect between variety and plant density, planting pattern and plant density was significant at 5% level.Evaluation of essential OIL yield showed that the simple effect of planting patterns, plant density and interaction of variety, planting pattern and plant density were significant at %5 level. Double interaction effect indicated that double rows and 40 plant per square meter with %0.36 and 48/67 kg/ha produced maximum amounts of essential OIL PERCENT and essential OIL yield alternatively. Triple interaction effects showed that highest essential OIL PERCENT with 0.44 belonged to purple basil, double planting pattern and 40 plants per square meter and maximum amount of essential OIL yield with 54.56 Kg/ha counducted in purple basil, double planting pattern and 40 plants per square meter were identified as the best treatment.

In order to eliminate the overlapping time of rapeseed harvesting and rice transplantation in Guilan province, and to provide appropriate solutions to reduce yield losses through seed loss, the present experiment was conducted as a factorial plots in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht. The main plots in the present experiment consisted of the interaction of two ethephon foliar application factors at two levels (non-consuming and consuming 280 gram per hectare) and foliar application time at three levels ( podding, early grain filling, grain filling completion) and subplot including harvesting time in three phases, physiological maturation, 10 and 20 days after the physiological maturity. The results showed that ethephon foliar application with a mean time of 192 days reduced 8 days growth period compared to control treatment with an average time of 200 days. Also, erosion time (194. 6 days) was higher than early grain filling (196. 3 days) and seed filling completion with 197. 1 days for early maturity traits. The effect of harvest time on number of pods per plant, one-thousand grain weight, grain yield, OIL PERCENTage was significant. According to the results, ethephon foliar application caused 12 PERCENT increase in grain yield and 0. 7 PERCENT increase in OIL in later harvestings. The interaction effect of foliar application, foliar application time and harvest time on seed yield was significant. Ethethenol soluble foliar application at the time of podding, with the lowest grain loss, was 202. 8 kilogram per hectare as the best experimental treatment.

To study the effect of salinity on growth, yield, elemental concentration and essential OIL of cumin (Cuminum cyminum), an experiment was conducted at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, during the years 2000 and 2001 growing season. Arandomized complete block design with three replications was applied. The experiment had five salinity treatments containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mollm3 by using NaCl-CaCl2 salts (10 to 1 molar ratio). Results showed that the salinity stress imposed a significant negative effects 6n cumin yield and yield components. Number of seed per umbel and final number of seeds per plant decreased at 50 mol/m3 salinity while did not show any effects on growth attributes including plant height, plant weight, number of umbel per plant and biomass yield. Salinity stress above this level to 200 mol/m3 has influenced all yield components including severe decrease on number of umbel per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed yield. With increasing levels of salinity seed and biomass yield were decreased significantly. Minimum seed yield was obtained at the highest salinity (200 mol/m3) level, but there was no significant difference between 200 and 150 mol/ m3. Results showed that salinity stress had no significant effect on PERCENT of essential OIL. Potassium concentration of leaves and root decreased while the sodium concentration of these organs increased with increasing salinity levels. The antagonistic effect between sodium and potassium caused these changes. Salinity increased hole stomatal resistance of cumin leaves but of 50 moll m3 had no significant influence on stomatal resistance. Relative water content of leaves was decreased with increasing salinity.